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Chess

Play a full game of chess against a friend or the computer.

Chess rules, tactics & how to play

Learn how the chess pieces move and the opening principles that give you a strong start, then play the board above.

Rules & how the pieces move

The goal

Checkmate the opponent's king, meaning the king is under attack and has no legal way to escape.

How the pieces move

  • Pawn: forward one square, or two from its start, and captures one square diagonally.
  • Knight: in an L shape, and it can jump over pieces.
  • Bishop: any distance diagonally.
  • Rook: any distance straight along ranks and files.
  • Queen: any distance straight or diagonally.
  • King: one square in any direction.
Opening principles

Control the centre

Push a central pawn and aim your pieces at the four central squares. Central control gives your pieces the most range.

Develop your pieces

Bring your knights and bishops out early rather than moving the same piece twice. Get them onto active squares before you start attacking.

Castle for safety

Castle early to tuck your king behind a wall of pawns and connect your rooks.

Do not bring the queen out too soon

An early queen is easy to chase around, and every attack on it lets your opponent develop for free.

Frequently asked questions

How do the chess pieces move?

Pawns move forward and capture diagonally, knights jump in an L shape, bishops move diagonally, rooks move in straight lines, the queen moves any distance straight or diagonally, and the king moves one square in any direction. The goal is to checkmate the opponent's king.

What is checkmate?

Checkmate is when a player's king is under attack and there is no legal move to remove the threat. The game ends immediately and the player who delivered checkmate wins.

What are the best chess opening principles?

Control the centre with a pawn, develop your knights and bishops to active squares, castle early to protect your king, and avoid bringing your queen out too soon where it can be chased. These simple rules cover most good openings.

Should I castle in chess?

Yes, usually. Castling moves your king to safety behind its pawns and brings a rook into the game, which is why most strong openings castle within the first several moves.